Bertrand Russell

1872-1970

Bertrand Russell (1872-1970) was an English philosopher best known as the co-author (with Alfred North Whitehead) of Principia Mathematica (3 vols., 1910-13), which established symbolic (or mathematical) logic in its current form, including the symbolism now used in mathematical and computer science applications. In philosophy Russell, along with G. E Moore, rejected the traditional Kantian-Hegelian speculative approach then dominant in England and developed what is now termed the “analytical approach”. This philosophy is based on the analysis of complex propositions and theories into their component parts, and advocates (in the case of Russell in particular) a close association with formal logic and empirical science.
May 1872

Birth of Russell

Birth of Bertrand Arthur William Russell, son of John Russell (Lord Amberley) and Katherine (Kate) Stanley. Russell had a brother, John Francis Stanley Russell (Frank), born 1865 and a sister Rachel, b. 1868, d. 1874. Russell's parents were considered as political radicals and religious "free-thinkers", ie. atheists.

May 18, 1872
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Jul. 1874

Death of Russell's sister

Death of Russell's sister Rachel, also of diphtheria

Jul. 3, 1874
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Jun. 1874

Death of Russell's mother

Caused by diphtheria. Add detail

Jun. 28, 1874
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Jan. 1876

Death of Russell's father

Death of Russell's father, of bronchitis. John Russell named as guardians two men known to be atheists - Cobden-Sanderson, Russell's god-father and D. A. Spalding, tutor to Frank. Spalding, who suffered from tuberculosis, was found to have been intimate with Russell's mother, and the ensuing scandal led to the two children being placed with his grandparents (Feb. 1876). .2 These were Lord John Russell (1792-1878) and Lady Frances Elliot. Lord John had been prime minister of England (get dates); his lodgings - Pembroke House - were a gift from Queen Victoria.

Jan. 9, 1876
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1878

Russell schooled at home

Russell was schooled at home by hired educators, and kept a diary, coded in Greek, about his religious views and personal concerns. One of them, Mr. Ewen was interested in Marx and non-Euclidean geometry, and a defender of reason. Russell also met with the physicist Tyndall, a popularizer of science and scientific method.

1878
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May 1878

Death of Russell's grandfather

Death of grandfather, Lord John Russell. Russell was raised through childhood and youth by his grandmother, described as a Scottish Presbyterian by birth, a Puritan in morals and a Unitarian (at age 70) in religion

May 28, 1878
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1889

Met Alys Pearsall Smith

Russell met Alys Pearsall Smith during the summer, when her family, originally from the US, came to live nearby. Like her parents, she was a Quaker. She was five years older than Russell.

1889
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Dec. 1889

Admitted to Trinity

"Crammed" for entry to Cambridge at B. A. Green's University and Army Tutors at Southgage, London, where he spent 18 months. During this time he wrote a number of essays on philosophical and political themes. Russell was accepted at Trinity in Dec. 1889, winning a scholarship in mathematics

Dec. 1889
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1890

Russell and Whitehead

Russell arrived at Trinity in Oct. 1890, where as a scholarship winner (one of 6 entrance scholarships good for three years), he was granted rooms in college. The scholarship examiner was Alfred North Whitehead, who impressed with Russell's philosophical grasp of mathematics, recommended him over another student who actually had a higher examination grade.

1890
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1890

Russell and Trinity

Russell was at Trinity, where he studied for the mathematical tripos, which he finished as "seventh wrangler". During his time at Trinity, Russell met and became friends not only with Whitehead, but also with Charles Sanger (mathematics), G. E. Moore (philosophy), McTaggart (already a philosophy professor at the college), and others. He was strongly influenced by the idealism of Kant and Hegel, which McTaggart defended.

1890
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Feb. 1891

Joins Moral Science Club

Russell joined the University Moral Science Club.

Feb. 27, 1891
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Feb. 1892

Russell and Apostles

Russell was invited to join the "Apostles" or Society (full name: Cambridge Conversazione Society", whose membership was limited to 12.

Feb. 27, 1892
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Jul. 1893

Moral Sciences

Russell began full time studies in philosophy, leading to Moral Sciences Tripos.

Jul. 1893
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Jun. 1893

7th Wrangler Math Tripos

Russell completed his mathematical undergraduate course of study, and was listed (bracketed) as 7th Wrangler in Mathematical Tripos.

Jun. 7, 1893
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May 1893

Comes of Age

Russell 'came of age' (at 21), and he now had legal independence as well as a 20,000 pound inheritance from his father's estate, which provided him with 600 pounds income yearly.

May 18, 1893
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Sep. 1893

Proposed to Alys Pearsall Smith

Proposed marriage to Alys Pearsall Smith.

Sep. 1893
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Dec. 1894

Marriage with Alys Pearsall Smith

Marriage of Russell and Alys, followed by a honeymoon in Holland, at the Hague (three weeks), then a longer stay in Berlin and Germany .

Dec. 13, 1894
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Jun. 1894

First Class in Moral Sciences Tripos

Russell received honors status (first class with distinction) at the Moral Sciences tripos.

Jun. 8, 1894
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Sep. 1894

Attached to British Ambassador to Paris

Despite the opposition of both families, Russell and Alys reveal their intention to marry. Lady Russell attempted to discourage the affair, claiming that insanity was rampant in Russell's family and likely to affect any offspring. Russell accepted to be apart from Alys for three months and became honorary attache to the British ambassador to Paris, Lord Dufferin during fall 1894.

Sep. 10, 1894
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1895

Tiergarten Project formulated

While working one day in the Tiergarten at Berlin, Russell had a moment of inspiration: he would devote his life to writing two "strands" of work - the first a series of books on philosophy of the sciences, the second a "parallel" series on social problems, to eventually meet in a "synthesis at once scientific and practical".

1895
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1895

Death of maternal grandmother

Death of Lady Stanley of Alderley, Russell's grandmother (maternal)

1895
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Jan. 1895

In Germany

While in Germany Russell was going to work on a book on the philosophical/mathematical foundations of geometry, which would be his Cambridge Fellowship thesis; he also enrolled to read in economics at Berlin University. He was undecided between philosophy and politics as a career.

Jan. 1895
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Nov. 1895

Back to Germany on Social Democratic Party

Russell and Alys returned to Germany to research into the German Social Democratic Party.

Nov. 1895
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1896

Fellowship to Trinity

After Germany, the Russell's travel in Italy. Upon their return to England, they lived in a small cottage north of Fernhurst village. Having decided to opt for philosophy as a career, Russell worked on his fellowship thesis, to be submitted to a Prize competition. The thesis was submitted in August and was judged by Whitehead (for the mathematical aspects) and James Ward (for the philosophical aspects). Russell was successful, and obtained a six year fellowship, with rights to use Trinity facilities, but no teaching or residency requirements. (Oct. 10, 1895)

1896
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1896

German Social Democracy

Book: political, socialism, communism

1896
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Feb. 1896

Course on Social Democracy

Russell's views on socialism in Germany were given at a talk for the Fabian society, and then as a course of 6 lectures for the London School of Economics (founded by the Webbs). This also lead to his first published book, German Social Democracy (1896), with an appendix by Alys.

Feb. 6, 1896
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Jun. 1896

International Socialist Congress

Attended International Socialist Congress at London.

Jun. 1896
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Oct. 1896

Trip with Alys to US

Autumn - Russell's first trip, with Alys, to the US. He gave a short series of lectures on the foundations of geometry at Bryn Mawr College, whose president, Dr. Carey Thomas, was cousin to Alys. Delivers six lectures on "Foundations of Geometry" at Bryn Mawr College (Nov. 2-20) and Johns Hopkins University (Dec. 2-11). They also visited Harvard College.

Oct. 1896
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1897

Influence of Moore against Idealism

During this time, Russell began, under the influence of Moore, to reject idealism.

1897
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1897

An Essay on the Foundations of Geometry

Book: philosophy, mathematics

1897
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Jan. 1897

MA awarded from Trinity

Awarded MA from Trinity

Jan. 14, 1897
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Mar. 1897

Joins Fabian society

Russell joined the Fabian society.

Mar. 1897
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Jan. 1898

Death of paternal grandmother

Death of paternal grandmother, Countess Russell.

Jan. 17, 1898
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Jan. 1899

Replaces McTaggart for lectures

McTaggart left to visit relatives in New Zealand, and Russell was invited to give a series of lectures on Leibniz, in his place.

Jan. 1899
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1900

The Philosophy of Lezbniz

Book: philosophy, history

1900
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Aug. 1900

International Congress of Philosophy, Paris

BR attended the International Congress of Philosophy, Logic, and the History of Science at Paris, with Whitehead and his wife Evelyn, and Alys (who read a paper on the education of women). Russell's paper (in French) was read on Aug. 2, "Is Position in Time and Space Absolute or Relative" (as published, in part, by the Monist), to an audience including Bergson, Poincare, Couturat and Peano. In particular, Russell got a set of offprints of Peano's papers from him, from whom he learned more about Peano's logical formalism, and also about Frege's work on the foundations of mathematics.

Aug. 1, 1900
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Dec. 1900

Draft of Principles of Mathematics

Returning to England, Russell began using the new formalism and ideas about logic to produce a work on the foundations of mathematics. The 200 thousand plus word draft for The Principles of Mathematics was finished in early Dec.

Dec. 1900
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1901

Discovers paradox of set theory

Working on the revision of Principles, Russell discovered the paradoxes of the infinite involving the set of all sets not members of themselves. He deferred final resolution of the problem (and related paradoxes), and continued to work on the text of Principles.

1901
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1901

End of Prize fellowship

End of Russell's Prize fellowship. He was invited to lecture for a number of terms in mathematical logic. Russell and Alys move in with the Whiteheads.

1901
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Feb. 1901

Conversion experience

Conversion experience as a result of Evelyn Whitehead's heart attack (angina) and intense pain. Russell, previously a supporter of the Boer war (a liberal imperialist) states that he becomes a pacifist as a result, though this was already underway as a result of his correspondence with the French logician and philosopher Louis Couturat. Couturat, while a follower of Russell in logic was a supporter of Kant's views on peace.

Feb. 10, 1901
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Apr. 1902

Principles manuscript to publisher

May, manuscript of Principles sent to publisher.

Apr. 1902
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Jan. 1902

Out of love with Alys

He realizes that he is no longer in love with Alys.

Jan. 1902
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Jul. 1902

Letter to Frege on types

BR sent a letter with his first version of theory of types to Frege.

Jul. 8, 1902
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Jun. 1902

Reads Frege and contradiction

Rereading Frege's Foundations of Arithmetic (Grundgesetze) Russell saw that Frege's system fell victim to the paradoxes of unrestricted set theory.

Jun. 16, 1902
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Jun. 1902

Writes to Frege

BR wrote to Frege on the contradiction in his work, using the example of predicates that cannot be predicated of themselves. Russell modified the proofs of his own book (ch. 10) and added two appendices (one on Frege's work, one on his tentative formulation of the theory of types to avoid the paradoxes.)

Jun. 16, 1902
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1903

Speeches on Free Trade

Speeches on Free Trade.

1903
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1903

The Principles of Mathematics

Book: philosophy, mathematics

1903
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1905

On Denoting

Article on "On Denoting" in Mind, where Russell argues that subject-predicate analysis is inadequate, that existence is not a predicate, and introduces the idea of logical form of sentences.

1905
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1906

Joins Woman's Suffrage group

Russell joined the council of the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies (NUWSS)

1906
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1907

To the Electors of the Wimbledon Division of Surrey.

Pamphlet: political, election

1907
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Feb. 1907

Executive committee NUWSS

Elected to executive committee of National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies.

Feb. 1907
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May 1907

Candidate for Parliament

Russell is a candidate for parliament on the Women's Suffrage ticket in Wimbledon. Although Russell supported full adult suffrage, not just woman's suffrage equal to the then restricted male suffrage, he supported the NUWSS for this more limited demand as he felt it more easily realizable. He was elected to the executive council in Feb. 1907.

May 1907
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1908

Theory of types article

"Mathematical Logic as Based on the Theory of Types", in Am. J. Math. - sets out his theory of types to avoid antinomies.

1908
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May 1908

Russell elected Fellow of the Royal Society

Russell elected Fellow of the Royal Society.

May 21, 1908
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Oct. 1909

Joins People's Suffrage Federation

Russell joined the People's Suffrage Federation. Russell switched to the People's Suffrage Federation because it favored universal suffrage after a brief residential qualification, and in January 1910 was on its executive. He had resigned in Nov. 1909 from executive council of NUWSS) Russell was a public supporter of the PSF until 1913; it folded in 1916.

Oct. 18, 1909
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1910

Philosophical Essays

Book: philosophy, essays

1910
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1910

Principia Mathematica, vol. 1

Book: logic, mathematics

1910
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1910

Anti-Suffragist Anxieties

Pamphlet: political, feminism

1910
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Apr. 1910

Liberal Party proposed candidate

BR presented himself to the local executive for Bedford for the Liberal Party, but was turned down because of his views on religion. Russell supported the candidacy of Philip Morrell, whose wife was Ottoline Morrell, with whom Russell would later have an affair.

Apr. 1910
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May 1910

Trinity Fellowship

Trinity offered him a five year fellowship in logic and the principles of mathematics, at a pay of 200 pounds a year, room in college and meals paid, for 24 lectures per term.

May 1910
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Mar. 1911

Affair with Ottoline Morrell

Russell and Ottoline Morrell begin their affair. May 29 - separation from Alice formalized (terms set).

Mar. 19, 1911
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Nov. 1911

Meets Ludwig Wittgenstein

Russell meets Ludwig Wittgenstein. They would collaborate on working out the philosophy of logical atomism, also represented in Wittgenstein's Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus (1922), but later disagreed on Wittgenstein's move to ordinary language philosophy in Philosophical Investigations and other writings.

Nov. 18, 1911
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1912

Problems of Philosophy

Book: philosophy, theory

1912
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1912

The Philosophy of Bergson

Pamphlet: philosophy, individual

1912
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1912

Principia Mathematica, vol. 2

Book: philosophical, logic, mathematics

1912
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1913

Theory of Knowledge not published

Russell decides not to publish Theory of Knowledge, after criticisms from Wittgenstein.

1913
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1913

Principia Mathematica, vol. 3

Book: philosophical, logic, mathematics

1913
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Sep. 1913

Meets Joseph Conrad

Russell meets Joseph Conrad; subsequently Russell named one of his son's Conrad.

Sep. 10, 1913
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1914

Russell at Harvard

Russell in the US, lecturing at Harvard for 600 pounds. (2nd trip to US). In preparation Russell wrote a series of papers, including one on mysticism and logic, sense data and physics. At Harvard, he delivered the Lowell lectures on "our knowledge of the external world", which were well attended. (March 16- April 9) Russell also gave a course in logic, and another on the theory of knowledge, as well as a weekly open house for tea and discussion, and grading of examination/theses. He meets as a student of his T. S. Elliott. After visits to New York, Bryn Mawr, Chicago, Baltimore and Princeton, Russell returned to England in June.

1914
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1914

Our Knowledge of the External World

Book: philosophy , epistemology

1914
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1914

Scientific Method in Philosophy

Pamphlet: philosophy, science

1914
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1914

War, the Offspring of Fear

Pamphlet: political, war

1914
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Aug. 1914

Outbreak of World War I

Outbreak of First World War. The Liberal govt., with Grey (much disliked by Russell as secretary of the foreign office - minister). Russell was with the Morels at the outbreak of war, and the next day gave a letter to the Nation calling for neutrality. Russell had became a founding member of the Union for Democratic Control (UDC) in August 1914, and Russell campaigned for its view on neutrality and against conscription, and later for the No-Conscription Fellowship (N-CF).

Aug. 1914
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Nov. 1914

Herbert Spencer Lectures

Herbert Spencer lectures at Oxford on "Scientific Method in Philosophy".

Nov. 18, 1914
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1915

Perplexities of John Forstice

The Perplexities of John Forstice, "written closely with Ottoline Morrell" completed in summer; not published at the time.

1915
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1915

The Philosophy of Pacifism

Pamphlet: political, pacifism

1915
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1915

Conscription introduced

Conscription introduced in Great Britain.

1915
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Feb. 1915

Meets D. H. Lawrence

Russell meets D. H. Lawrence, with whom he initially was in agreement as to opposition to the war, but with whom he disagreed about how to rebuild a rational society.

Feb. 1915
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May 1915

Lectureship at Trinity renewed

Five year lectureship at Trinity renewed, from Oct. 1, 1915

May 28, 1915
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1916

Justice in Wartime

Book: political, war

1916
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1916

Principles of Social Reconstruction

Book: political, social

1916
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1916

Syllabus of Lectures

Pamphlet: political, lectures

1916
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1916

Rex v. Bertrand Russell.

Pamphlet: political, war

1916
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1916

Two Years' Hard Labor for Refusing to Disobey the Dictates of Conscience

Leaflet: political, war

1916
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1916

Bertrand Russell and the War Office

Pamphlet: political, war

1916
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1916

What are We Fighting For?

Leaflet: political, war

1916
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1916

Why Not Peace Negotiations?

Pamphlet: political, war

1916
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Apr. 1916

Works for No-Conscription Fellowship (NCF)

Russell actively engaged in work for No-Conscription Fellowship.

Apr. 1916
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Apr. 1916

Leaflet in support of Ernest Everett

Russell wrote a pamphlet (leaflet) in support of Ernest Everett, a schoolmaster at St. Helens, who had refused to do alternative service for conscientious objection. The leaflet was published by the NCF, with an additional paragraph at the end. Distributors were arrested for circulating it. (May 17), The Times - Russell publishes a letter stating that he is the author of the leaflet. (May 30) detectives serve Russell with a summons for "impeding recruiting and discipline." (June 5) - trial at the Mansion House, with Sir Charles Wakefield, the Lord Mayor of the City of London presiding, A. H. Bodkin as prosecutor. Russell plead his own case and was found guilty, and fined 100 pounds or 61 days in prison, with eight days to pay. (June 29)- appeal rejected at City Quarter Sessions. Russell refused to pay, and his goods, including over 1500 books were seized for auction. Friends put up the 125 pounds for his books and essential possessions, which were then returned to him; he lost some household furnishing in a second part of the auction.

Apr. 15, 1916
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Dec. 1916

Letter to Pres. Wilson in NYT

NY Times reproduced Russell's letter to Pres. Woodrow Wilson, recently reelected as US president. The letter, calling for the US to act as mediator between the combatants, was smuggled out of Britain and delivered to the US by hand.

Dec. 22, 1916
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Jan. 1916

Principles of Social Reconstruction lectures

Russell gave a series of lectures, to be later published as Principles of Social Reconstruction (in the US - Why Men Fight). These lectures were given at Caxton Hall, Westminster, advertised in the Cambridge Magazine for eight evenings over Jan- March.

Jan. 18, 1916
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Jul. 1916

Dismissed from Trinity

The Council of Trinity College unanimously dismissed him from the Lectureship he held (renewed the previous October, ie 1915). A "memorial" notice of protest of this action by 22 Fellows was circulated.

Jul. 11, 1916
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Jun. 1916

Russell refused his passport to Harvard

After Everett decision, Grey refuses Russell a passport to lecture at Harvard, offered him in Jan. of 1916.

Jun. 8, 1916
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Oct. 1916

Lectures on World as it can Be Made

Russell embarked on a series of six weeks of lectures outside London, on "The World as it can be Made" to the general public, including miners, steel workers and others, especially in S. Wales. He was to lecture in six cities on "Philosophical Principles of Politics", to be paid for by Quakers, 100 pounds per city. (Sept. 1) Permission to speak in cities requested of Lt-Col. AVF Russell, a distant cousin, with limitations imposed. The series was to be called "The World As It Can be Made", with six lectures on Political Ideals, Evils of Capitalism and the Wage System, Pitfalls in Socialism, Individual Freedom and State Control, National Independence and Internationalism, and Education and Prejudice. Russell rejected compromises by War office that he not refer to current events. The first lecture was to have been delivered in Glasgow, from which he was banned. It was delivered by Robert Smillie, the miners' leader (mid October).

Oct. 16, 1916
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Sep. 1916

Ordered to stay away from restricted locations

Scotland Yard officers serve Russell with an order forbidding him to enter prohibited areas (soldiers quartered, munitions production) without special permission. (War Office ban, signed by cousin, Lt. Col. A. Russell).

Sep. 1, 1916
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Sep. 1916

Meets Collette O'Neill

Russell met Collette O'Neill, stage name for Lady Constance Malleson and began an affair with her.

Sep. 23, 1916
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1917

Political Ideals

Book: philosophy, political

1917
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Oct. 1917

Lectures on mathematical logic

Gave series of lectures on mathematical logic at Dr. Williams' Library (beginning of Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy)

Oct. 30, 1917
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1918

German Peace Offer article

Article, "The German Peace Offer" in the first issue of 1918 of the Tribunal, in which he refers to US troops as strike-breakers. (Feb. 4) Russell is summoned to court in February on charges of making statements "likely to prejudice His Majesty's relations with the United States of America." (Feb. 9) He was found guilty and sentenced to six months in the Second Division. (May 1) Appealed the sentence, and commuted to six months in the First Division (May 1 - Sept. 14) Russell began his sentence on May 1st at Brixton jail. He was released on Sept. 14, after serving 4.5 months.

1918
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1918

Roads to Freedom

Book: political, socialism, syndicalism

1918
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1918

Mysticism and Logic

Book: philosophy, essays

1918
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1918

The Analysis of Mind, a course of 16 lectures

Pamphlet: philosophy, mind

1918
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Feb. 1918

Convicted of offense to DORA law

Sentenced to 6 months detention in Second division; modified to First division.

Feb. 9, 1918
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Jan. 1918

Philosophy of Logical Atomism lectures

Series of lectures on "The Philosophy of Logical Atomism" at Dr. Williams' Library. This series was begun just before his trial and completed after his conviction, but before he entered jail.

Jan. 22, 1918
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May 1918

Served time in Brixton Prison

Served time in Brixton prison during which he wrote Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy.

May 1, 1918
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1919

Trinity fellowship offered and declined

Letter from fellows requesting that Russell's lectureship at Trinity be restored. Whitehead signed, McTaggart did not. Russell was offered a lectureship, at 250 pounds (guineas) per year, which he declined.

1919
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1919

Met Dora Black and met with Wittgenstein

Summer - met Dora black. Dec. - Russell met Wittgenstein in Holland (the Hague), who had earlier sent Russell a copy of Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, which they reviewed together.

1919
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1919

Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy

Book: philosophy, mathematics

1919
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1919

The Analysis of Mind, a course of 8 lectures

Pamphlet: philosophy, mind, lectures

1919
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1920

In Asia - China and Japan

August - Russell and Dora left for Asia on board the French ship Portos. Russell had spent a night with Colette as official grounds for divorce (his adultery) from Alys. Russell and Dora arrived first at Saigon, then went on to Peking. Russell had been invited by Lian Ch'i-Ch'ao, responsible for foreign lecturers at the Univ. of Peking, and the Chinputang, the Progressive Party. Russell met John Dewey in Changsha. In March, Russell became ill with double pneumonia, and almost died. By July they left, and arrived in Tokyo, returning to England in August. Sept. 27th, with Dora pregnant, Russell and she were married. (his divorce from Alys had been completed in May).

1920
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1920

The Practice and Theory of Bolshevism

Book: politics, communism

1920
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Apr. 1920

In Russia

Russell joined a group going to the Soviet Union, sponsored by the British Trades Union Congress. Maxim Litvinov, Soviet representative to Sweden, though a fellow prisoner with Russell at Brixton, initially hesitated to recommend him a visa, but then relented. Russell met with Gorky, Trotsky (at the opera), Emma Goldman, and Lenin (on May 19). Dora Black visited Russia with a separate delegation.

Apr. 1920
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1921

The Analysis of Mind

Book: philosophy, metaphysics, mind

1921
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1921

Course of Three Lectures on "International Problems of the Far East".

Pamphlet: politics, lectures

1921
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1921

To the Electors of Chelsea

Pamphlet: political, election

1921
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Nov. 1921

Birth of son John Conrad Russell

Birth of son John Conrad Russell.

Nov. 1921
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1922

Russell a Labor candidate for Chelsea

Russell a Labor candidate for Chelsea, for which he was defeated.

1922
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1922

The Problem of China

Book: politics, China

1922
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1923

Lecture tour in USA

Lecture tour of US (third tour), organized by William B. Feakins. The tour lasted nine weeks, mainly on political subjects. A debate with Scott nearing, American socialist leader was later published as Bolshevism and the West.

1923
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1923

Birth of daughter Katherine Jane

Birth of daughter Katherine Jane (Kate), who later wrote a book, My Father Bertrand Russell.

1923
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1923

Again Labor candidate for Chelsea

Again Labor candidate for Chelsea; lost again.

1923
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1923

Prospects of Industrial Civilization

Book: politics, history, social

1923
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1923

The ABC of Atoms

Book: science, popularization

1923
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1924

Bought house in Cornwall

Bought house, called Carn Voel at Porthcumo on south coast of Cornwall, near Lands End. Russell also maintained a lodging in London for most of his life.

1924
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1924

Dora Russell a candidate for Labor Party

Dora Russell a candidate for Labor Party.

1924
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1924

Icarus or the Future of Science

Book: philosophy, science

1924
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1924

Bolshevism and the West

Pamphlet: political, communism

1924
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1924

Debate, Resolved: That the Soviet form of Government if applicable to Western Civilization

Pamphlet: political, communism

1924
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1924

Soviet Form of Government

Pamphlet: political, communism

1924
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1925

The ABC of Relativity

Book: science, popularization

1925
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1925

What I Believe

Book: philosophy, personal

1925
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1926

On Education (Good Life)

Book: philosophy, education

1926
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1927

Leased Telegraph House for school

Russell and Dora leased Telegraph House, in South Downs from his brother Frank, to be used for a school, called Beacon Hill, which opened on Sept. 22, with Dora initially in charge as BR went on a speaking tour of the US. Publication in US of Dora's book, The Right to Be Happy.

1927
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1927

4th speaking tour of US

Fourth speaking tour of the US. Others in 1929 and 1931, mainly to raise money for school, which operated at a loss. The tour included a debate with Max Eastman on "The Road to Freedom". Russell was refused permission to speak at College of the City of New York by its president, Frederick Robinson (invited by student organization). Opposition by Bishop Manning, Episcopal Bishop of NY to BR, based on his advocacy of "illegal and offensive" practices. Russell received more than 10,000 US dollars for the tour.

1927
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1927

An Outline of Philosophy

Book: philosophy, theory

1927
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1927

The Analysis of Matter

Book: philosophy - metaphysics, physics

1927
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1927

Why I Am Not a Christian

Pamphlet: philosophy, religion, personal

1927
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1928

Skeptical Essays

Book: philosophy, essays

1928
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1929

5th speaking tour of US

Tour of US (fifth), including debate with John Cowper Powys on "Is Modern Marriage a Failure".

1929
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1929

Marriage and Morals

Book: social, philosophy, ethics

1929
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1930

Meets Patricia Spence

Russell meets Marjorie (Patricia - Peter) Spence, hired as governess of his children. Dora meantime has had an affair with Griffin Barry, and has a child with him - Harriet Ruth Bary Russell, born July 8, 1930.

1930
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1930

The Conquest of Happiness

Book: philosophy, social

1930
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1930

A Liberal View of Divorce

Pamphlet: political, social

1930
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1931

Examiner for Wittgenstein's PhD

Russell an examiner for Wittgenstein's PhD thesis.

1931
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1931

Russell becomes Lord Russell

Death of Frank Russell, and BR became Earl. This included a seat in the House of Lords, and Russell announced he would sit as a Labor supporter (Indep. Labor Party).

1931
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1931

6th tour of USA

Sixth tour of US (third for school).

1931
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1931

The Scientific Outlook

Book: philosophy, science

1931
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1931

Alexander Berkman

Leaflet: political, individual

1931
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1931

Has Religion Made Useful Contributions Civilization?

Pamphlet: philosophy, religion

1931
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1932

Separates from Dora

Dora Russell is pregnant again by Barry, and has child Roderick in 1932. BR and Dora officially separate and engage in multi-year custody battle over children. Russell ceases his involvement with Beacon Hill school. Dora receives final decree of divorce in 1935, based on Russell's affair with Patricia Spence.

1932
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1932

Education and the Social Order

Book: education, social

1932
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1934

Freedom and Organization: I8I4-I9I4

Book: social, historical

1934
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1935

In Praise of Idleness

Book: philosophy, social

1935
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1935

Religion and Science

Book: philosophy, science

1935
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1936

Which Way to Peace

Book: political, peace

1936
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1936

Determinism and Physics

Pamphlet: philosophy, physics

1936
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1937

Lectures at Oxford on Words ad Facts

Russell was invited to give a series of lectures at Oxford on "Words and Facts."

1937
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1937

Job feelers to US

Russell sends out feelers for appointment to academic post in the US. At the Princeton Institute for Advanced Studies, he was supported by Einstein, Veblen, and Weyl, but is vetoed by head of the institute, Flexner. An attempt to succeed Whitehead at Harvard, as well as posts at Chicago and California do not elicit offers.

1937
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1937

Birth of son Conrad

Birth of son (with Patricia/Peter), Conrad Sebastian Robert (also named after Joseph Conrad).

1937
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1937

The Amberley Papers

Book: personal, family

1937
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1938

Teaching at University of Chicago

Offer from Humanities Division of the University of Chicago to be Visiting Professor for academic year 1938-39. Russell, Peter, and Conrad sail to US. Russell had three responsibilities at Chicago - an undergrad course "The Problems of Philosophy", a graduate seminar on semantics, and a series of lectures based on his book Power. Also lectures on topic of "Words and Facts", now titled "Correlation Between Oral and Somatic Motor Habits" as something of a pedantic joke. His lectures were attended by Charles Morris, Rudolf Carnap, Irving Copi. Russell disagreed with the president of Chicago Robert Hutchins, and his Great Books focus.

1938
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1938

Supports Chamberlain on Munich

Russell supported Chamberlain for the Munich accord. Russell defended an absolute pacifist position as late as his book Which Way to Peace; subsequently, he did not allow republication of the book as he moved (back) to a non-absolute position on war, exceptionally allowing for wars of principle. - such as he would view WWII to be.

1938
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1938

Power: A New Social Analysis

Book: philosophy, politics

1938
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1939

Teaching at UCLA

Russell not renewed at Chicago, but received an offer to University of California (Santa Barbara?), where Russell did not get along with president Robert Sproul. While at UCLA he applied for and was accepted for a five year position at City College of New York, to teach logic and the philosophy of science, at a salary of $5000 a year.

1939
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1939

Letter to FDR

Letter of April 15, 1939 to FDR urging him to act as mediator. Outbreak of WWII.

1939
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1939

Education for Democracy

Pamphlet: political, education

1939
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1940

William James lectures at Harvard

Russell gave William James lectures at Harvard, published that same year as Inquiry into Truth and Meaning. Frontispiece of English (not US) edition indicates his previous appointments and "Judicially pronounced unworthy to be Professor of Philosophy at the College of the City of New York (1940)".

1940
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1940

Barnes Foundation lectureship

Russell received a job offer from Dr. Albert Barnes, creator of the Barnes foundation at Merion, near Philadelphia. He would lecture on the history of philosophy, with consideration of the social background, as complement to lectures on art and art history already given at the Foundation. Russell was offered 6000 dollars per year for a five year contract, increased to 8000 dollars (in Barnes' mind excluding outside lecturing).

1940
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1940

Controversy at CCNY

February - offered professorship at College of the City of New York. This meets with the immediate opposition of Bishop Manning (Protestant) and a "religious lobby". March 18 - motion to revoke Russell's appointment defeated at Board of Higher Education - March 19 - Mrs. Jean Kay brings suit in State Supreme Court charging Russell on three counts: he is an alien, did not pass civil service exams, and his morals are a corrupting influence on youth. Joseph Goldstein represented Mrs. Kay before Justice McGeehan. Russell was not directly sued, so he could not represent himself - the Board of Higher Education was the accused, for having hired him. The judgment went against hiring Russell, on all counts, particularly the third. Russell was still in California at this time.

1940
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1940

An Inquiry into Meaning and Truth

Book: philosophy, epistemology

1940
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1941

Controversy with Barnes

Controversy with Barnes over Patricia Russell's presence at BR's lectures and her knitting during class - she was barred from the lectures.

1941
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1941

The Story of the Bertrand Russell Case

Pamphlet: political, personal

1941
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Feb. 1941

Non-absolute pacifism

Letter to New York Times in favor of war; see also letter of 11 June 1940 to NYT as well.

Feb. 1941
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Nov. 1942

Russell dismissed from Barnes

Russell was dismissed, ostensibly because he was to give a series of lectures in NY to the Rand School on "The Problems of Democracy". Russell had to support his family (Patricia, Conrad) plus two children from his marriage to Dora now in the US as well (Kate, John).

Nov. 28, 1942
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1943

Research at Bryn Mawr

Russell continued his research and writing on the history of western philosophy at Bryn Mawr, where an anonymous grant paid for a series of lectures by him in the Philosophy Dept. on "The Postulates of Scientific Method". Russell met Edith Finch, teaching English at the college, who he had met earlier. Russell's claim against the Barnes Foundation settled in his favor - 20,000 (24,000 owing for 3 years of his contract, less 4000 expected earnings during that period). Barnes appealed twice and lost.

1943
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1943

How to Become a Philosopher...Logician... Mathematician

Pamphlet: philosophy, logic, mathematics

1943
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1943

An Outline of Intellectual Rubbish

Pamphlet: philosophy, ideas

1943
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1943

How to Read and Understand History

Pamphlet: philosophy, history

1943
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1944

Trinity fellowship

Trinity elects Russell to Fellowship under Title B, following letters by Lady Russell and publication of Hardy's book on the WWI Trinity affair. Russell returned just after the Normandy invasion. His rooms at Trinity were those previously used by Newton.

1944
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1944

10 Lectures...on Philosophies in Practice

Pamphlet: philosophy, lectures

1944
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1944

The Value of Free Thought

Pamphlet: political, ideas

1944
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1945

Controversy over Russia attack

Initially, Russell was in favor of East-West division as means to assure peace, with USSR without A-bomb. But in a letter to Kingsley-Martin, editor of the New Statesman he stressed the need to coerce USSR and threaten it with "active hostility". In an article in Cavalcade (Oct. 20, 1945), Russell proposed a "Confederation which would monopolize nuclear weapons... but if the USSR did not give way and join the confederation, after there had been time for mature consideration, the conditions for a justifiable war... would all be fulfilled." In general, his attitude to the USSR was hostile, as he saw it as the main threat of war, ultimately nuclear, especially after the rejection by the USSR of the Baruch proposals. See letter 5 May 1948 to Dr. Walter Marseille, in US: "As Soon as Russia rejected the Baruch proposals, I urged that all nations should form an Alliance, and threaten Russia with war unless Russia agreed to come in and permit inspection." Article in Nineteenth Century and After, vol. 145 - Jan. 1949 - "If there is war, it should be won as quickly as possible." Quoted by Manchester Guardian (Nov. 16, 1950) as supporting rearmament and H-bomb. This and other statements led to censure by Cambridge Univ. Labor Club. Russell denied, however, that he advocated a preventive war.

1945
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1945

History of Western Philosophy

Book: history of philosophy

1945
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1946

Brains Trust

Participates in BBC "Brains Trust."

1946
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1946

Ideas That Have Harmed Mankind

Pamphlet: philosophy, ideas

1946
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1946

Ideas That Have Helped Mankind

Pamphlet: philosophy, ideas

1946
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1946

Is Materialism Bankrupt?

Pamphlet: philosophy, metaphysics

1946
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1946

Physics and Experience

Pamphlet: philosophy, physics

1946
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1946

What is Democracy?

Pamphlet: political, democracy

1946
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1946

Can Men Be Rational?

Pamphlet: philosophy, ideas

1946
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1947

Lectures at Trinity on Intro to Philosophy

Lectures on "Introduction to Philosophy" at Trinity in autumn to an audience of up to 500.

1947
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1947

Lectures on Non-Demonstrative Knowledge

Gave lectures (annual course) on "Non-Demonstrative Inference", preparatory for Human Knowledge: Its Scope and Limits.

1947
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1947

Debate with Coplestone

Debate with Father Coplestone on "The Existence of God", broadcast on BBC

1947
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1947

Is Science Superstitious?

Pamphlet: philosophy, science

1947
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1947

On the Value of Skepticism

Pamphlet: philosophy, epistemology

1947
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1947

Stoicism and Mental Health

Pamphlet: philosophy, social

1947
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1947

The Faith of a Humanist

Pamphlet: philosophy, personal

1947
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1947

The Faith of a Rationalist

Pamphlet: philosophy, personal

1947
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1947

Towards World Government

Pamphlet: political, international

1947
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1947

What is the Soul?

Pamphlet: philosophy, metaphysics

1947
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1948

To Sweden and air crash

Visit to Sweden, with two lectures, "Mind and Matter" and "Culture and the State." Also speaks to British troops in blockaded Berlin Lecture in Norway. The plane he took from Oslo to Trondheim crashed and all those in non-smoking section forward drowned. Russell, a long time and addicted pipe smoker, was in the rear smoking section and swam to safety from the capsized plane.

1948
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1948

Human Knowledge: Its Scope and Limits

Book: philosophy, epistemology

1948
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1949

Lectures at Oxford, OM, Fellowships at Trinity

Lectures on "Science and Society" at Oxford. awarded British Order of Merit. Fellowship at Trinity had been renewed at end of 1948 for another year, then in Sept. 1949, he was awarded Title E Fellowship for life. Separation from Peter (Patricia Spence)

1949
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1949

Separation from Patricia

Russell joined by Colette, further conflict with Peter, leading to separation.

1949
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1949

Authority and the Individual

Book: philosophy, politics

1949
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1949

Am I an Atheist or an Agnostic?

Pamphlet: philosophy, religion

1949
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1950

Tour of Australia, US, Nobel Prize

Tour of Australia. tour of US. While at Princeton, he learned he had been awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature. Lectures at Columbia in NYC on "Impact of Science on Society". Award ceremony in Stockholm for Nobel in Dec 1950. His lecture was on "What Desires are Politically Important" on war and peace.

1950
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1950

Unpopular Essays

Book: social, essays

1950
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1951

Further US tour.

Further US tour.

1951
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1951

New Hopes for a Changing World

Book: social, essays

1951
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1951

The Liberal Outlook

Pamphlet: political, ideas

1951
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1952

Divorces Patricia, marries Edith Finch

Divorce from Peter on grounds of his desertion, marriage to Edith Finch. He had been introduced to her in , met her again at Bryn Mawr in 1943, again in NY in 1950.

1952
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1952

The Impact of Science on Society

Book: philosophy, science

1952
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1952

How Near Is War?

Pamphlet: political, war

1952
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1952

What is Freedom?

Pamphlet: political, ideas

1952
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1953

The Good Citizen's Alphabet

Book: personal, humor

1953
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1953

Satan in the Suburbs

Book: literature, essays

1953
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1953

The Evidence of Dr. Marie C. Stopes to Royal Commission on the Press

Pamphlet: political, individual

1953
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1953

What is Democracy?

Pamphlet: political, ideas

1953
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Dec. 1953

Man's Peril

Lecture on BBC on "Man's Peril.", 23 Dec. reprinted in Portraits from Memory, one of the key speeches launching the anti-nuclear, ban the bomb campaign

Dec. 23, 1953
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1954

Nightmares of Eminent Persons

Book: literature, essays

1954
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1954

Human Society in Ethics and Politics

Book: philosophy, politics

1954
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1955

Buys house in Wales

Russell buys house, Plas Penrhyn, in North Wales.

1955
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1955

Man's Duel with the H Bomb

Pamphlet: political, nuclear

1955
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1955

Man's Peril from the Hydrogen Bomb

Pamphlet: political, nuclear

1955
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1955

Press Release, July 9, 1955

Pamphlet: political, nuclear

1955
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Jul. 1955

Russell-Einstein Manifesto

Publication, after July 9 conference with press, chaired by Rotblat. Russell-Einstein Manifesto against nuclear war. Also signed by Percy Bridgman, Hermann Muller, Cecil Powell, Joseph Rotblat, Leopold Infeld, Hideki Yukawa, Max Born, Juliot-Curie; signed by Linus Pauling afterwards.

Jul. 10, 1955
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1956

Logic and Knowledge

Book: philosophy, logic, epistemology

1956
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1956

Portraits from Memory

Book: personal, essays

1956
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1956

62 Prominent Men and Women Express Their Views on Disarmament

Pamphlet: political, nuclear

1956
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1956

The Lord Russell Debate on the Case of Sobel

Pamphlet: political, individual

1956
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1956

Why I Oppose Communism

Pamphlet: political, socialism, communism

1956
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1957

Pugwash conference

First Pugwash meeting, sponsored by Cyrus Eaton, a Trustee of the Univ. of Chicago, whose home was in Pugwash, Nova Scotia. Held in July. Nov - letter to Khrushchev and Eisenhower (in Vital Letters of R, K, Dulles). Article by J. B. Priestley, "Britain and the Nuclear Bombs", vs British armament. Large response to the article leads to a meeting with Kingsley Martin, Priestley, Blackett, George Kennan, Russell. Organization named Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND), founded Jan. 27, 1958. Russell became president.

1957
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1957

Why I am Not a Christian)

Book: religion, personal

1957
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1957

Understanding History and Other Essays

Book: politics, essays

1957
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1958

President of CND

Participation in CND, becomes President of organization.

1958
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1958

Vital Letters of Russell, Khrushchev and Dulles

Book: politics, nuclear

1958
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1958

Bertrand Russell's Best (ed. by Robert Egner)

Book: philosophy, essays, collection

1958
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1958

Allaun's Stop the H-Bomb Race

Pamphlet: political, nuclear

1958
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1958

Hughes' Labor and the H-Bomb

Pamphlet: political, nuclear

1958
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1958

Let Us Reason Together

Pamphlet: political, nuclear

1958
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1958

Some opinions on King-Hall's "Defence in the Nuclear Age"

Leaflet: political, nuclear

1958
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1958

The Nuclear Dilemma

Pamphlet: political, nuclear

1958
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1958

Black Paper

Pamphlet: political, unknown

1958
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1959

Debate in House of Lords on disarmament

Feb. Debate in House of Lords on disarmament, organized by Russell.

1959
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1959

Common Sense and Nuclear Warfare

Book: politics, nuclear

1959
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1959

Wisdom of the West

Book: philosophy, popularization

1959
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1959

My Philosophical Development

Book: philosophy, personal

1959
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1959

Steps Towards Peace

Pamphlet: political, peace

1959
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1959

The Future of Man

Pamphlet: political,, peace

1959
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1960

Meets Ralph Schoenman

Meets Ralph Schoenman. a young American who becomes Russell's secretary and represents him, until a later break initiated by Russell.

1960
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1960

Bertrand Russell Speaks his Mind

Book: politics, philosophy, personal

1960
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1960

Sanity or Suicide?

Pamphlet: political, nuclear

1960
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1960

Statement by Lord Russell and the Rev. Michael Scott

Pamphlet: political, nuclear

1960
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1960

Act or Perish

Pamphlet: political, nuclear

1960
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1960

Allaun's New Moves in the H-Bomb

Pamphlet: political, nuclear

1960
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1960

Message of Greeting to the Norman Thomas Meeting

Pamphlet: political, socialism

1960
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Sep. 1960

Committee of 100

Creation of "Committee of 100 for civil disobedience against Nuclear Warfare" campaign. d Russell resigned as President of CND, Oct. 1960. C100 "inaugurated" a Friends' House, Oct. 1960.

Sep. 1960
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1961

Russell jailed for sit down

First sit-down planned for 18 Feb. 1961 at Air Ministry. Aug. 6, Hiroshima Day - wreath laying at Centopath, and meeting at Hyde Park, addressed by Russell until stopped by police for using a microphone. The meeting became a march to Trafalgar square, where meeting started again. In Sept., Russell and wife in N. Wales and served with summons to appear in court for violation of Act of 1361, charged with inciting public to civil disobedience (along with 36 other members of C100). Russell defended himself Sept. 12, 1961 at Bow Street court, and was sentenced, along with Edith to 2 months, reduced to 1 week after presentations of his and wife's medical conditions. Russell issued a leaflet while in prison protesting his arrest. Sept. 17 - sit down at Trafalgar Square? broken up by police. Russell and wife released Sept. 18.

1961
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1961

Fact and Fiction

Book: philosophy, essays

1961
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1961

Has Man a Future?

Book: politics, nuclear

1961
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1961

The Basic Writings of Bertrand Russell

Book: philosophy, essays, collection

1961
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1961

To All Friends of Peace in the World

Pamphlet: political, peace

1961
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1961

Air Ministry

Pamphlet: political, nuclear

1961
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1961

A Message & Letter from Bertrand Russell

Pamphlet: political, nuclear

1961
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1961

Bertrand Russell Calls for Vast Movement of Protest

Pamphlet: political, nuclear

1961
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1961

Civil Disobedience

Pamphlet: political, nuclear

1961
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1961

Win We Must

Pamphlet: political, nuclear

1961
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1961

Declaration

Pamphlet: political, nuclear

1961
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1961

Letter from Bertrand Russell on Committal to Brixton Prison

Pamphlet: political, personal

1961
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1961

Lettre ouverte a MM. Kennedy, Krouchtchev.

Pamphlet: political, nuclear

1961
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1961

Memorandum from Bertrand Russell

Pamphlet: political, personal

1961
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1961

Message to My Colleagues: A Plea for Neutral Action

Pamphlet: political, nuclear

1961
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1961

Schools for Non-Violence

Pamphlet: political, non-violence

1961
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1961

Speech by Bertrand Russell for Meeting at Cardiff, 1st November 1961

Pamphlet: political, nuclear

1961
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1961

Statement Made by Lord Russell at Bow Street September 12th

Pamphlet: political, personnel

1961
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1961

Speech to Foyle's Luncheon

Pamphlet: social, personal

1961
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1961

Speech...for Trafalgar Square Meeting, 29 October 1961

Pamphlet: political, nuclear

1961
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1961

The Role of Neutrals in Dissolving the East-West Deadlock

Pamphlet: political, nuclear

1961
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1961

To the Conference of Uncommitted Nations at Belgrade

Pamphlet: political, nuclear

1961
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1961

Accidental War

Pamphlet: political, nuclear

1961
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1962

History of the World for Use in Martian Infant Schools

Pamphlet: political, nuclear

1962
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1962

May Day Appeal to All Workers

Pamphlet: political, nuclear

1962
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1962

Press Conference at the George, Old Bailey

Pamphlet: political, personal

1962
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1962

Statement from Bertrand Russell -for Committee of 100 Press Conference on March 1st, 1962

Pamphlet: political, nuclear

1962
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1962

You Are to Die

Pamphlet: political, nuclear

1962
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1962

Bertrand Russell on the War in Vietnam

Pamphlet: political, Vietnam

1962
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1962

International Exhibition and Sale of Works of Art

Pamphlet: social, art

1962
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1962

Political Prisoners in Greece

Pamphlet: political, human rights

1962
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1962

A New Approach to Peace

Pamphlet: political, peace

1962
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Oct. 1962

Cuba Missile Crisis

Beginning of Cuban missile crisis. Russell writes to all involved and attempts to broker a solution based on end to blockade, removal of missiles from Cuba and Turkey.

Oct. 22, 1962
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1963

Unarmed Victory

Book: politics, nuclear

1963
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1963

16 Questions on the Assassination * (with a statement on Mark Lane)

Pamphlet: political, USA

1963
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1963

Statement on the Warren Commission Report

Pamphlet: political, USA

1963
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1963

Population Pressure and War

Pamphlet: political, war

1963
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1963

Russell on Warbey's Vietnam and Laos

Pamphlet: political, Vietnam

1963
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Feb. 1963

Resigns C100

Russell resigned from C100

Feb. 1963
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1964

Opposition to Warren commission report on Kennedy assassination.

Pamphlet: political, USA

1964
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1964

Should India Make an Atom Bomb?

Pamphlet: political, India

1964
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1964

Russell and Stetler's War and Atrocity in Vietnam

Pamphlet: political, Vietnam

1964
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1964

Statement for World Congress for Peace at Helsinki

Pamphlet: political, peace

1964
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Jan 1964

Creation of the Bertrand Russell Peace Foundation

Creation of the Bertrand Russell Peace Foundation, to continue advocacy of peaceful resolution of international conflicts.

Jan 1964
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1966

Peace Foundation - archives to McMaster

Seeks money for Foundation, and agrees to sell his papers to McMaster Univ., Ontario

1966
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1966

War Crimes Tribunal on Vietnam

Establishment of International War Crimes Tribunal about US war crimes in Vietnam Included JP Sartre; Ralph Schoenman as Sec.-Gen. Meetings held in Stockholm, then Denmark.

1966
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1966

Aims and Objectives of the International War Crimes Tribunal

Pamphlet: political, Vietnam

1966
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1966

Appeal to the American Conscience

Pamphlet: political, Vietnam

1966
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1967

War Crimes in Vietnam

Book: politics, Vietnam

1967
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1967

The Archives of Bertrand Russell

Book: bibliography

1967
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1967

Autobiography 1872-19I4

Book: autobiography, personal

1967
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1968

Archives to McMaster University

Papers sold to McMaster University in Ontario, Canada.

1968
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1968

Autobiography 19I4-I944

Book: autobiography, personal

1968
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1968

Against the Crime of Silence.

Pamphlet: political, Vietnam

1968
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1968

Mr. Wilson speaks 'frankly and fearlessly' on Vietnam

Pamphlet: political, Vietnam

1968
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1969

Break with Schoenman

Break with Schoenman is made public.

1969
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1969

Autobiography I944-I967

Book: autobiography, personal

1969
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1969

Dear Bertrand Russell . ..

Book: personal, letters

1969
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Feb. 1970

Death of Bertrand Russell

Died at Plas Penrhyn, between 7 and 8 pm. He was 97, 3 months short of 98.

Feb. 2, 1970
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Jan. 1970

Message to Int. Conf. of Parliamentarians in Cairo

Message to Int. Conf. of Parliamentarians in Cairo, re Israel-Palestine conflict, his last writing.

Jan. 31, 1970
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Jun 2020

Bertrand Russell Annual Meeting Online

First time online meeting

Jun 19, 2020
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